Abstract
Background: Physiologically stressful environments tend to host depauperate and specialized biological communities.
Serpentine soils exemplify this phenomenon by imposing well-known constraints on plants; however, their effect on other
organisms is still poorly understood.
Methodology/Principal Findings: We used a combination of field and molecular approaches to test the hypothesis that
serpentine fungal communities are species-poor and specialized. We conducted surveys of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity
from adjacent serpentine and non-serpentine sites, described fungal communities using nrDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer
(ITS) fragment and sequence analyses, and compared their phylogenetic community structure. Although we detected low
fungal overlap across the two habitats, we found serpentine soils to support rich fungal communities that include
representatives from all major fungal lineages. We failed to detect the phylogenetic signature of endemic clades that would
result from specialization and adaptive radiation within this habitat.
Conclusions/Significance: Our results indicate that serpentine soils do not constitute an extreme environment for
ectomycorrhizal fungi, and raise important questions about the role of symbioses in edaphic tolerance and the maintenance
of biodiversity.
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