Literature on the ecology of the Serpentine Barrens of Pennsylvania,
Delaware and Maryland and Related Topics

List compiled July, 2013 by Ron Notvest and Mike Bertram

Alexander, E.B. 2009.  Serpentine Geoecology of the Eastern and Southeastern Margins of North America, Northeastern Naturalist, 16, No. 5, Soil and Biota of Serpentine: A World View. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, pp. 223-252.

Arabas, K.B. 1996.  Fire and vegetation dynamics in the eastern serpentine barrens.  Doctoral Thesis in Geography, Pennsylvania State University.   ON FILE

Arabas, K.B. 2000.  Spatial and temporal relationships among fire frequency vegetation, and soil depth in an eastern North American serpentine barren. Journal of the Torrey Botantical Club 124:51-65.

Barton, A.M. and Wallenstein, M.D., 1997.  Effects of invasion of Pinus virginiana on soil properties in serpentine barrens in southeastern Pennsylvania. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 124: 297-305. ON FILE

Brooks, R.R., 1987. Serpentine and Its Vegetation; A Multidisciplinary Approach, Diocorides Press, Portland, Oregon.

Burgess, Jerry L. , Steven Lev, Christopher M. Swan, and Katalin Szlavecz, 2009.  Geologic and Edaphic Controls on a Serpentine Forest Community, Northeastern Naturalist, Vol. 16, No. 5, Soil and Biota of Serpentine: A World View. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, pp. 366-384.

Castelli, J.P. and Casper B.B. 2003. Intraspecific AM fungal variation contributes to plant-fungal feedback in a serpentine grassland, Ecology 84(2):323-336.

Clupper, N.S. 1991. Fire histories for Goat Hill, Nottingham and Chrome barrens. Unpublished report, The Nature Conservancy, Pennsylvania Field Office, Philadelphia.  ON FILE

Cummings, J.R. and Kelly, C.N. 2007.  Pinus virginiana invasion influences soils and arbuscular mycorrhizae of a serpentine grassland. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134:63-73.

Dann, K., 1988.  Traces on the Appalachians, A natural history of serpentine in Eastern North America,New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.  

Delcourt, P.A. and Delcourt, H.R., 1998.  The influence of prehistoric human-set fires on oak-chestnut forests in the southern Appalachians.  Castanea 63:337-345.

Emel, S.L., Franks, S.J., and Spigler, R.B. 2017. Phenotypic selection varies with pollination intensity across populations of Sabatia angularis. New Phytologist 215 (2), 813-824.

Haegele, E. 2011. Unionville Serpentine Barrens: Analyzing the Relationship Between Soil Profiles and Forest Succession Rate, Master of Environmental Studies thesis, University of Pennsylvania.

Hart, R. 1980.  The coexistence of weeds and restricted native plants on serpentine barrens in southeastern Pennsylvania, Ecology 61:688-701.  ON FILE

Hilgartner, William B., Mark Nejako and Ryan Casey, 2009. A 200-Year Paleoecological Record of Pinus virginiana, Trace Metals, Sedimentation, and Mining Disturbance in a Maryland Serpentine Barren, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society Vol. 136, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 2009), pp. 257-271. 

Hull, J.C. and Wood, S.G. 1984. Water relations of oak species on and adjacent to a Maryland serpentine soil. American Midland Naturalist 112:224-234.

Latham, R.E. 1991. The serpentine barrens of temperate eastern North America: Critical issues in the management of rare species and communities, Bartonia 57:1-25. ON FILE

Latham, R.E. 1992. Draft element stewardship abstract for the temperate eastern North American serpentine barrens.  Unpublished draft manuscript prepared for The Nature Conservancy, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. 

Latham, R.E. 1993. The serpentine barrens of temperate eastern North America: critical issues in the management of rare species and communities.  Bartonia (supplement) 57:61-74.

Latham, R.E. and Thorne, J.F., 1997. Understanding successional trajectories to conserve serpentine grasslands (abstract).  Ecological Society of America and the Nature Conservancy Joint Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM. ON FILE

Latham, R.E., 2005. Inventory of historical and extant, native, persistent, unplanted grasslands and meadows in Pennsylvania, Unpublished draft manuscript prepared in part for Natural Lands Trust, Media, Pennsylvania.

Latham, R.E. 2005.  Protecting the Unionville Barrens; Biological, Historical and Value Considerations.  The Brandywine Conservancy’s Environmental Management Center.  ON FILE

Latham, R.E. 2008. Pink Hill Serpentine Barrens Restoration and Management Plans ON FILE

Latham, 
R.
E. 
and 

McGeehin, M. 
2012.
 Unionville Serpentine 
Barrens
 Restoration and 
Management
 Plan.
 Continental
 Conservation,
 Rose 
Valley,
 Pennsylvania 
and
 Natural
 Lands
 Trust,
 Media, 
Pennsylvania.<
br />

Laughlin, D.C. 2004.  Did tallgrass prairie extend into Pennsylvania? The Prairie Naturalist 36(1): 11-22  ON FILE

Lookingbill, T.R., Engelhardt, K.A.M., Florkowski, L.N., Churchill, J.B. and Ashley, L.J. 2007. Evaluation of the Nottingham Park Serpentine Barrens, Chester County, Pennsylvania, University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science (for its merit in meeting National Significance Criteria as a National Natural Landmark in Representing Serpentine Barrens as a Natural Feature in the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont Region). ON FILE

Maas, J.L. and Stuntz, D.D. 1969.  Mycoecology on serpentine soil.  Mycologia 61:1106-1116.

MacLachlan, C.A. 1994. Nottingham County Park: the restoration and management of a temperate eastern serpentine barrens.  Master’s thesis, University of Georgia, Athens.

Mansberg, L. and Wentworth, T.R. 1984.  Vegetation and soils of a serpentine barren in western North Carolina, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 111:273-286.

Marye, W.B. 1955. The great Maryland barrens – Part I, Maryland Historical Magazine 50(2): 11-23 ON FILE

Marye, W.B. 1955. The great Maryland barrens – Part II, Maryland Historical Magazine 50(2): 120-142 ON FILE

Marye, W.B. 1955. The great Maryland barrens, Maryland Historical Magazine 50(2):234-253 ON FILE

McCandless, S.R. 1998. Invasive Smilax rotundifolia associated with changes in serpentine soil syndrome, Honors Thesis in Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA. ON FILE

McCandless, S.R. and Latham, R.E., 1998.  Invasion of the Nottingham serpentine barrens by the liana Smilax rotundifolia, I: soil nitrogen modification (abstract).  Society for Conservation Biology, Delaware Valley Chapter Annual Meeting, West Chester, PA.

Miller, G.A. 1977. An ecological study of the serpentine barrens in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences, 51:169-176. ON FILE

Miller, G.L. 1981.  Secondary succession following fire on a serpentine barren.  Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 55:62-64.

Orndorff, S. and Patten, T., 2007. Management Guidelines for Barrens Communities in Pennsylvania.  The Nature Conservancy of Pennsylvania.

Oswall, W.W., Foster, D.R., Doughty, E.D. and MacDonald, D. 2010. A record of Holocene environmental and ecological changes from Wildwood Lake, Long Island, New York. Journal of Quaternary Science (2010) 25(6) 967–974 ON FILE

Panaccione, Daniel G. , Nancy L. Sheets, Susan P. Miller, and Jonathan R. Cumming, 2001. Diversity of Cenococcum geophilum isolates from Serpentine and Non-Serpentine Soils, Mycologia Vol. 93, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2001), pp. 645-652

Patterson, W.A. III and Sassaman, K.E., 1988. Indian fires In the prehistory of New England.  Pp 107-135 in Nicholas, G.P. (ed). Holocene Human Ecology in Northeastern North America, Plenum Publishing Corp.

Pearre, N.C. and Heyl A.V. 1959.  The History of Chromite Mining in Pennsylvania and Maryland.  Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Fourth Series, Information Circular 14

Pearre, N.C. and Heyl A.V. 1960.  Chromite and other mineral deposits in serpentine rocks of the piedmont upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.  U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1082-K:707-833.

Philpot, C.W. 1977. Vegetative features as determinants of fire frequency and intensity. Pp 12-16 in Mooney, H.A. and Conrad, C.E. (eds). Environmental Consequences of Fire and Fuel Management in Mediterranean Ecosystems, U.S.D.A. Forest Serve General Technical Report W0-3, Washington, DC.

Pinion, G.E., 1973.  Edaphic variations in Talinum teretifolium, Portulaceae. Va. J. Sci., 24:137.

Prentice, C., Bartlein, P.J. and Webb, T. 1991.  Vegetation and climate change in eastern North America since the last glacial maximum. Ecology 72(6):2038-2056. ON FILE

Proctor, J. and Woodell, S.R.J., 1975. The ecology of serpentine soils. Advances in Ecological Research 9:255-366.

Proctor, J. and Nagy L. 1992.  Ultramafic rocks and their vegetation: an overview.  Pp 469-494 in Baker, A.J. Proctor, J. and  Reeves, R.D. (eds), The Vegetation of Ultramafic (Serpentine) Soils: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology. Intercept Ltd., Andover, N.H.

Rabenhorst, M.C., Foss, J.E. and Fanning, D.S. 1982. Genesis of Maryland soils formed from serpentine.  Soil Science Society of America Journal 46:607-616.

Rajakaruna, N., Harris, T.B. and Alexander, E.B. 2009.  Serpentine geoecology of eastern North America: A review, Rhodora 111:21-108.  ON FILE

Reed, C.F. 1986. Floras of serpentine formations in eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations. Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Maryland.

Robertson, A.I. 1992. The relation of nickel toxicity to certain physiological aspects of serpentine ecology: some facts and a new hypothesis. Pp 331-336 in Baker, A.J. Proctor, J. and Reeves, R.D. (eds), The Vegetation of Ultramafic (Serpentine) Soils: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology. Intercept Ltd., Andover, N.H.

Russell, E.W. B. 1983. Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States. Ecology 64:78-88.

Shaw A.J., 1991. Ecological Genetics of Serpentine Tolerance in the Moss, Funaria flavicans: Variation Within and Among Haploid Sib Families. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 78, No. 11 (Nov., 1991), pp. 1487-1493.

Smith R.C. and Barnes, J.H. 2008.  Bedrock composition of the Goat Hill serpentine barrens and a proposed serpentine factor for predicting floral response.  Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 82(1): 31-47.

Spigler, R.B. 2018. Small and surrounded: population size and land use intensity interact to determine reliance on autonomous selfing in a monocarpic plant. Annals of Botany 121 (3), 513-524.

Stateline Serpentine Barrens: Phase One; Site Conservation Plan, 2000.  The Nature Conservancy of Pennsylvania, Conshohocken, PA.  ON FILE

Streng, D.R. and Harcombe, P.A., 1982.  Why don’t East Texas savannas grow up to forest? American Midland Naturalist, 108:278-294.

Tibbetts, R.A. and Smith, J.A.C., 1992. Vacuolar accumulation of calcium and its interaction with magnesium availability. Pp 367-373. In Baker, A.J.M., Proctor, J. and Reeves, R.D. (eds), The Vegetation of Ultramafic (Serpentine) Soils: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, Intercept Ltd., Andover, NH.

Transeau, E.N. 1935. The Prairie Peninsula. Ecology 16:423-437.

Tyndall R.W. and Farr, P.M. 1989. Vegetation structure and flora of a serpentine pine-cedar savanna in Maryland, Castanea 54:191-199.

Tyndall, R.W. 1992a. Historical considerations of conifer expansion in Maryland serpentine “barrens,” Castanea 57: 123-131. ON FILE

Tyndall, R.W. 1994. Conifer clearing and prescribed burning effects to herbaceous layer vegetation on a Maryland serpentine “barren.” Castanea 59:255-273.

Tyndall, R.W. and Hull, J.C. 1999. Vegetation, flora and plant physiological ecology of serpentine barrens of eastern North America. Pp 67-82 Anderson, R.C., Fralish, J.S. and Baskins, J.M. (eds) Savannas, barrens and rock outcrop communities of North America, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge England. ON FILE

Tyndall, R.W. 2005.  Twelve years of herbaceous vegetation change in oak savanna habitat on a Maryland serpentine barren after Virginia pine removal. Castanea 70:287-297.  ON FILE

Tyndall, R.W. 2012.  Soil Differences between Extant Serpentine Oak Savanna and Grassland in Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area, Maryland, Castanea 77, No. 3, pp. 224-230. 

Wallenstein, M.D. 1995. Soil amelioration by Pinus virginiana during forest conversion on the New Texas serpentine barrens of Pennsylvania.  Undergraduate thesis, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA

Worthley, E.G., Sr., 1984. A nature walk for Soldiers’ Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland.  Soldiers Delight Conservation Inc., Unpub Rep.

Wright H.E. Jr. 1976.  The dynamic nature of Holocene vegetation: a problem in paleoclimatology, biogeography, and stratigraphic nomenclature.  Quaternary Res 6:581-596.