Literature on the flora of the Serpentine Barrens of Pennsylvania,
Delaware and Maryland and Related Topics

List compiled July, 2013 by Ron Notvest and Mike Bertram

Barton, A.M. and Wallenstein, M.D., 1997.  Effects of invasion of Pinus virginiana on soil properties in serpentine barrens in southeastern Pennsylvania. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 124: 297-305. ON FILE

Brooks, R.R., 1987. Serpentine and Its Vegetation; A Multidisciplinary Approach, Diocorides Press, Portland, Oregon.

Castelli, J.P. and Casper B.B. 2003. Intraspecific AM fungal variation contributes to plant-fungal feedback in a serpentine grassland, Ecology 84(2):323-336.

Cummings, J.R. and Kelly, C.N. 2007.  Pinus virginiana invasion influences soils and arbuscular mycorrhizae of a serpentine grassland. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134:63-73.

Dann, K., 1988.  Traces on the Appalachians, A natural history of serpentine in Eastern North America,New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.  

Delcourt, P.A. and Delcourt, H.R., 1998.  The influence of prehistoric human-set fires on oak-chestnut forests in the southern Appalachians.  Castanea 63:337-345.

Emel, S.L., Franks, S.J., and Spigler, R.B. 2017. Phenotypic selection varies with pollination intensity across populations of Sabatia angularis. New Phytologist 215 (2), 813-824.

Gustafson, D. J., Romano, G., Latham, R.E. and Morton, J.K., 2003.  Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of genetic relationships among the serpentine barrens endemic Cerastium velutinum Rafinesque var. villosissimum Pennell (Caryophyllaceae) and closely related Cerastium species. Journal of the Torrey Botantical Society 130: 218-223.  ON FILE

Gustafson, D. J. and Latham, R. E. 2005.  Is the serpentine aster, Symphotrichum depauperatum (Fern.) Nesom, a valid species and actually endemic to eastern serpentine barrens? Biodiversity and Conservation 14:1445-1452.  ON FILE

Haas, J. N. and McAndrews, J.H. 2000.  The summer drought related hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) decline in eastern North America 5,700 to 5,100 years ago. Pp 81-88 in McKanus, K.A., Shields K.S., and Souto, D.R. (eds), Proceedings of the Symposium on Sustainable Management of Hemlock Ecosystems in Eastern North America, General Technical Report NE-267 U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA.

Harrison, S. P. and Kruckeberg, A. R. 2008.  Garden on the Rocks.  Natural History (May): 40-44. ON FILE

Harshberger, J.W., 1903.  The flora of serpentine barrens of southeastern Pennsylvania.  Science, 18:339-343

Harshberger, J.W., 1904.  A phytogeographical sketch of southeast Pennsylvania. Bull Torrey Bot. Club, 31:125-159.
FULL TEXT AVAILABLE AT Jstor.org

Hart, R. 1980.  The coexistence of weeds and restricted native plants on serpentine barrens in southeastern Pennsylvania, Ecology 61:688-701.  ON FILE

Hart, R. 1990. Aster depauperatus: A Midwestern migrant on eastern serpentine barrens,? Bartonia 56:23-28.  ON FILE

Hilgartner, William B., Mark Nejako and Ryan Casey, 2009. A 200-Year Paleoecological Record of Pinus virginiana, Trace Metals, Sedimentation, and Mining Disturbance in a Maryland Serpentine Barren, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society Vol. 136, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 2009), pp. 257-271. 

Hull, J.C. and Wood, S.G. 1984. Water relations of oak species on and adjacent to a Maryland serpentine soil. American Midland Naturalist 112:224-234.

Knox, R.G. 1984.  Age structure of forests on Soldiers Delight, a Maryland serpentine area. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 111:498-501.

Latham, R.E. 1991. The serpentine barrens of temperate eastern North America: Critical issues in the management of rare species and communities, Bartonia 57:1-25. ON FILE

Latham, R.E. 1992. Draft element stewardship abstract for the temperate eastern North American serpentine barrens.  Unpublished draft manuscript prepared for The Nature Conservancy, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. 

Latham, R.E. 1993. The serpentine barrens of temperate eastern North America: critical issues in the management of rare species and communities.  Bartonia (supplement) 57:61-74.

Latham, R.E. and Thorne, J.F., 1997. Understanding successional trajectories to conserve serpentine grasslands (abstract).  Ecological Society of America and the Nature Conservancy Joint Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM. ON FILE

Latham, R.E., 2005. Inventory of historical and extant, native, persistent, unplanted grasslands and meadows in Pennsylvania, Unpublished draft manuscript prepared in part for Natural Lands Trust, Media, Pennsylvania.

Laughlin, D.C. 2004.  Did tallgrass prairie extend into Pennsylvania? The Prairie Naturalist 36(1): 11-22  ON FILE

Lookingbill, T.R., Engelhardt, K.A.M., Florkowski, L.N., Churchill, J.B. and Ashley, L.J. 2007. Evaluation of the Nottingham Park Serpentine Barrens, Chester County, Pennsylvania, University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science (for its merit in meeting National Significance Criteria as a National Natural Landmark in Representing Serpentine Barrens as a Natural Feature in the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont Region). ON FILE

MacLachlan, C.A. 1994. Nottingham County Park: the restoration and management of a temperate eastern serpentine barrens.  Master’s thesis, University of Georgia, Athens.

Mansberg, L. and Wentworth, T.R. 1984.  Vegetation and soils of a serpentine barren in western North Carolina, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 111:273-286.

Marye, W.B. 1955. The great Maryland barrens – Part I, Maryland Historical Magazine 50(2): 11-23 ON FILE

Marye, W.B. 1955. The great Maryland barrens – Part II, Maryland Historical Magazine 50(2): 120-142 ON FILE

Marye, W.B. 1955. The great Maryland barrens, Maryland Historical Magazine 50(2):234-253 ON FILE

McCandless, S.R. 1998. Invasive Smilax rotundifolia associated with changes in serpentine soil syndrome, Honors Thesis in Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA. ON FILE

McCandless, S.R. and Latham, R.E., 1998.  Invasion of the Nottingham serpentine barrens by the liana Smilax rotundifolia, I: soil nitrogen modification (abstract).  Society for Conservation Biology, Delaware Valley Chapter Annual Meeting, West Chester, PA.

Miller, G.L. 1981.  Secondary succession following fire on a serpentine barren.  Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 55:62-64.

Noyes, R.D. and Rieseberg, L.H. 1999.  ITS sequence data support a single origin for North American Astereae (Asteraceae) and reflect deep geographic divisions in Aster S.L., American Journal of Botany, 86(3):398-412.  ON FILE

Oswall, W.W., Foster, D.R., Doughty, E.D. and MacDonald, D. 2010. A record of Holocene environmental and ecological changes from Wildwood Lake, Long Island, New York. Journal of Quaternary Science (2010) 25(6) 967–974 ON FILE

Panaccione, Daniel G. , Nancy L. Sheets, Susan P. Miller, and Jonathan R. Cumming, 2001. Diversity of Cenococcum geophilum isolates from Serpentine and Non-Serpentine Soils, Mycologia Vol. 93, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2001), pp. 645-652

Pennell, F.W., 1910.  Flora of the Conowingo barrens of southeastern Pennsylvania. Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, 62:541-584. ON FILE

Pennell, F.W., 1912.  Further notes on the floras of the Conowingo barrens of southeastern Pennsylvania. Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia. 64: 520-539 ON FILE

Pennell, F.W., 1930.  On some critical aspects of the serpentine barrens.  Bartonia, 12:1-23. ON FILE

Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, 2006. Element tracking database of state-rare species of special concern.

Philpot, C.W. 1977. Vegetative features as determinants of fire frequency and intensity. Pp 12-16 in Mooney, H.A. and Conrad, C.E. (eds). Environmental Consequences of Fire and Fuel Management in Mediterranean Ecosystems, U.S.D.A. Forest Serve General Technical Report W0-3, Washington, DC.

Pinion, G.E., 1973.  Edaphic variations in Talinum teretifolium, Portulaceae. Va. J. Sci., 24:137.

Podniesinki, G. 1999. Serpentine plant community classification.  Unpublished.  The Nature Conservancy, Pennsylvania Science Office, Middletown.

Prentice, C., Bartlein, P.J. and Webb, T. 1991.  Vegetation and climate change in eastern North America since the last glacial maximum. Ecology 72(6):2038-2056. ON FILE

Proctor, J. and Nagy L. 1992.  Ultramafic rocks and their vegetation: an overview.  Pp 469-494 in Baker, A.J. Proctor, J. and  Reeves, R.D. (eds), The Vegetation of Ultramafic (Serpentine) Soils: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology. Intercept Ltd., Andover, N.H.

Reed, C.F. 1986. Floras of serpentine formations in eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations. Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Maryland.

Robertson, A.I. 1992. The relation of nickel toxicity to certain physiological aspects of serpentine ecology: some facts and a new hypothesis. Pp 331-336 in Baker, A.J. Proctor, J. and Reeves, R.D. (eds), The Vegetation of Ultramafic (Serpentine) Soils: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology. Intercept Ltd., Andover, N.H.

Russell, E.W. B. 1983. Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States. Ecology 64:78-88.

Spigler, R.B. 2018. Small and surrounded: population size and land use intensity interact to determine reliance on autonomous selfing in a monocarpic plant. Annals of Botany 121 (3), 513-524.

Shaw A.J., 1991. Ecological Genetics of Serpentine Tolerance in the Moss, Funaria flavicans: Variation Within and Among Haploid Sib Families. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 78, No. 11 (Nov., 1991), pp. 1487-1493.

Shreve, F., 1910. The Plant Life of Maryland. John Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore.

Smith R.C. and Barnes, J.H. 2008.  Bedrock composition of the Goat Hill serpentine barrens and a proposed serpentine factor for predicting floral response.  Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 82(1): 31-47.

Streng, D.R. and Harcombe, P.A., 1982.  Why don’t East Texas savannas grow up to forest? American Midland Naturalist, 108:278-294.

Tibbetts, R.A. and Smith, J.A.C., 1992. Vacuolar accumulation of calcium and its interaction with magnesium availability. Pp 367-373. In Baker, A.J.M., Proctor, J. and Reeves, R.D. (eds), The Vegetation of Ultramafic (Serpentine) Soils: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, Intercept Ltd., Andover, NH.

Transeau, E.N. 1935. The Prairie Peninsula. Ecology 16:423-437.

Tyndall R.W. and Farr, P.M. 1989. Vegetation structure and flora of a serpentine pine-cedar savanna in Maryland, Castanea 54:191-199.

Tyndall, R.W. and Farr, P.M. 1990. Vegetation and flora of the Pilot serpentine area in Maryland.  Castanea 55:259-265.

Tyndall, R.W. 1992a. Historical considerations of conifer expansion in Maryland serpentine “barrens,” Castanea 57: 123-131. ON FILE

Tyndall R.W. 1992b. Herbaceous layer vegetation on Maryland serpentine. Castanea 57:264-272.

Tyndall, R.W. 1994. Conifer clearing and prescribed burning effects to herbaceous layer vegetation on a Maryland serpentine “barren.” Castanea 59:255-273.

Tyndall, R.W. and Hull, J.C. 1999. Vegetation, flora and plant physiological ecology of serpentine barrens of eastern North America. Pp 67-82 Anderson, R.C., Fralish, J.S. and Baskins, J.M. (eds) Savannas, barrens and rock outcrop communities of North America, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge England. ON FILE

Tyndall, R.W. 2005.  Twelve years of herbaceous vegetation change in oak savanna habitat on a Maryland serpentine barren after Virginia pine removal. Castanea 70:287-297.  ON FILE

Tyndall, R.W. 2012.  Soil Differences between Extant Serpentine Oak Savanna and Grassland in Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area, Maryland, Castanea 77, No. 3, pp. 224-230. 

Wallenstein, M.D. 1995. Soil amelioration by Pinus virginiana during forest conversion on the New Texas serpentine barrens of Pennsylvania.  Undergraduate thesis, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA

Wherry, E.T., 1963. Some Pennsylvania barrens and their flora. I. Serpentine, Bartonia, 33:7-11. ON FILE

Worthley, E.G., Sr., 1984. A nature walk for Soldiers’ Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland.  Soldiers Delight Conservation Inc., Unpub Rep.

Wright H.E. Jr. 1976.  The dynamic nature of Holocene vegetation: a problem in paleoclimatology, biogeography, and stratigraphic nomenclature.  Quaternary Res 6:581-596.